Moneda social de Mumbuca en Brasil
Regresar a Diario Mar de Ajó, el diarito – Prensa Popular – Prensa Alternativa
Maricá es un municipio en el estado brasileño de Río de Janeiro. Tiene una población aproximada d 149.000 habitantes.
Historia
Mumbuca es el nombre del principal río que atraviesa la región central de Maricá, y uno de los principales barrios de la ciudad. La idea original era un papel moneda, igual que el real, y ya se habían elegido las figuras que ilustrarían los billetes: el ñame y el salmonete, especies de peces que existían en el río. Sin embargo, el proyecto cambió y se adoptó la tarjeta magnética. Durante la pandemia de Covid-19, el monto distribuido a cada beneficiario llegó a 300 mumbucas (equivalente a R$ 300) por persona. Ahora, según la Ley Municipal N° 3.153, del 4 de mayo de 2022, el valor pasa a 200 mumbucas por persona. Actualmente, el programa de transferencia de ingresos mediante la moneda social mumbuca beneficia a 91.487 mil habitantes. El valor invertido por el municipio asciende ahora a R$ 18 millones mensuales con recursos provenientes de regalías petroleras. En el futuro, sólo los ingresos del ahorro del Fondo Soberano de Maricá – que deberían alcanzar los 2 mil millones de reales en 2024 – garantizarán el mantenimiento de las políticas públicas para los próximos años.
¿Qué es Mambuca?
La mumbuca es la moneda social de Maricá, ampliamente aceptada en el municipio y con paridad uno a uno con el real (cada mumbuca equivale a R$1). Surgió del concepto de economía circular, con la valorización del comercio y los servicios locales, y una política pública de generación y distribución de ingresos para la población. Utilizada para pagar beneficios sociales a los ciudadanos registrados en programas municipales, la moneda es administrada por el Banco Mumbuca, una institución comunitaria, independiente del Ayuntamiento, con su propio CNPJ y una gestión establecida. Es el Banco Mumbuca el que realiza los pagos de prestaciones a los residentes.
¿Cómo funciona?
Cada beneficiario recibe una tarjeta de débito, con montos en mumbucas para pagar sus compras. El pago se realiza a través de la plataforma digital e-dinheiro.
¿Quién puede participar?
Para tener derecho a la prestación, el residente debe estar inscrito en el Registro Único de la Unión, el registro nacional de familias en situación de vulnerabilidad social. El beneficiario debe ser residente en Maricá durante al menos tres años y el ingreso familiar debe ser de hasta tres salarios mínimos.
Legislación
La Ley N° 2.448, de 26 de junio de 2013, estableció el “Programa Municipal de Economía Solidaria, de Combate a la Pobreza y de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Maricá” y creó el Banco Mumbuca. En 2015, un cambio de ley unificó todos los programas de transferencia de ingresos, uniendo el banco y la moneda social.
Regresar a Diario Mar de Ajó, el diarito – Prensa Popular – Prensa Alternativa
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